Explaining the House Edge in Blackjack: What Is It and How Can Players Decrease It?

Eddie Griffin

Written by: Eddie Griffin

Last Updated: Sat Dec 14, 2024, 12:47 PM

Read Time: 12 minutes

Blackjack is one of the most popular and widely played casino games worldwide. Known for its blend of skill, strategy, and luck, blackjack offers a low house edge, especially compared to other casino games like slots or roulette. But what is the house edge in blackjack?

While blackjack might seem simple at first glance, much more goes into understanding the intricacies that influence the outcome of each hand.

One of the most critical factors to grasp in blackjack is the house edge. This number represents the statistical advantage that the casino has over the player.

Understanding house edge in blackjack can significantly impact a player’s approach to the game, whether they are playing at a land-based casino or at one of the best online casinos. Here, we will explain what the house edge is, how it is calculated in blackjack, the factors that influence it, and most importantly, how players can use strategy to lower it and improve their chances of winning.

What is the House Edge in Blackjack?

The “house edge” is the percentage that represents the advantage the casino has over the player.

In gambling, it is an essential concept. But it is especially essential for games like blackjack, where players can use skill to influence the odds.

In simple terms, the house edge is a long-term statistical advantage. This means that over many hands, the casino will statistically win more money than the player.

However, the house edge in blackjack is generally much lower than in other casino games.

For example, in slot machines, the house edge can be as high as 10% or more. In roulette, the house edge might be around 5%.

In blackjack, depending on the rules and strategy, the house edge can be as low as 0.5%. This is a major reason why many experienced gamblers favor blackjack. With the right approach, players can significantly reduce the house’s advantage.

How is the House Edge Calculated in Blackjack?

The house edge in blackjack is calculated based on the probability of the casino winning a hand compared to the player’s chances of winning.

The basic rules of the game provide the framework, but several factors influence the house edge. That includes the number of decks used, the specific casino rules, and the player’s strategy.

Number of Decks

One of the most significant factors that influences the house edge is the number of decks used in a game of blackjack. Traditional single-deck blackjack games have the lowest house edge. They allow players to track cards more easily, thus increasing their chances of winning.

In games with several decks, the house edge increases. This is because the complexity of tracking cards rises, and the chance of getting favorable cards decreases.

  • Single-deck blackjack typically offers a house edge of about 0.17%, meaning the player has a better chance of winning.
  • Multi-deck blackjack (6 or 8 decks) raises the house edge to around 0.5%. Although it’s still low compared to other casino games, the house edge increases with more decks. American Blackjack games are typically played with six to eight decks.

Casino Rules

The specific rules in a blackjack game can also affect the house edge. These rules vary from casino to casino and even between different tables in the same casino. Some of the most significant rules that impact the house edge include:

  • Dealer hitting or standing on soft 17: In many casinos, the dealer must hit on a soft 17 (a hand consisting of an Ace and a 6). This rule increases the house edge by around 0.2%.
  • Doubling down rules: In some instances, players can double down only on certain hands or only after receiving their initial two cards. The ability to double down on any hand significantly benefits the player, so restrictions here raise the house edge.
  • Payout for blackjack: The standard payout for a blackjack (an Ace and a 10-point card) is 3:2. However, some casinos offer a reduced payout of 6:5 for blackjack. That increases the house edge significantly—by around 1.39%. It’s highly advisable to avoid tables offering 6:5 payouts.

Player Strategy and the House Edge in Blackjack

While casino rules and the number of decks play a significant role, the player’s strategy is perhaps the most influential factor in determining the house edge.

Blackjack is not purely a game of chance whether played at real money online casinos or brick-and-mortar establishments. It involves decision-making that can reduce the house edge considerably.

The most effective strategy is one where a player uses a basic strategy chart. This is a set of rules that tells players the best course of action (hit, stand, double down, or split) based on their hand and the dealer’s upcard.

Players can use the basic strategy chart to make mathematically correct decisions based on probabilities and thereby potentially reduce the house edge as much as possible.

With basic strategy, players can lower the house edge to around 0.5%. It covers every scenario a player can face and is based on the analysis of millions of blackjack hands.

Factors That Influence the House Edge in Blackjack

While the standard house edge in blackjack is relatively low compared to other casino games, it is important to remember that this number is not static.

Several factors can either raise or lower the house edge. Here’s a closer look at some of them:

Deck Penetration

The deeper the dealer goes into the deck before reshuffling, the more the player can adjust their betting strategy based on the remaining cards. Games with high deck penetration are more advantageous to players, reducing the house edge.

Surrender Option

In some blackjack games, players can “surrender” after the first two cards are dealt. When a player surrenders in blackjack, they give up half of their bet in exchange for forfeiting the hand.

This can be a powerful tool for reducing the house edge in unfavorable situations. By surrendering, players minimize their losses, especially when they are likely to lose the hand. In European Blackjack, players typically do not have the option to surrender, which can affect how players approach each hand.

Shuffling and Game Speed

The speed at which cards are dealt and shuffled can impact the house edge as well. Faster games (like those in online casinos or automatic shuffling machines) can lead to more hands per hour.

That allows the house to gain a greater advantage over time. In contrast, players might have more opportunities to adjust their strategy in slower games, which may slightly reduce the house edge.

How to Lower the House Edge in Blackjack

For players looking to maximize their chances of winning, understanding how to lower the house edge is key.

While you can’t eliminate the house edge entirely, you can minimize it and maximize your chances of success. Here are some of the ways you can do so.

Use Basic Strategy

As mentioned earlier, using a basic strategy chart is essential. Following this strategy will help you make the best decisions based on statistical probability and help reduce the house edge.

At many brick-and-mortar casinos, basic strategy cards are available at tables to help players with decision-making. And if you are playing at top blackjack sites like OnlineCasinoGames or Wild Casino, you can easily look for and find a basic strategy chart on the internet.

Avoid 6:5 Tables

Always seek out blackjack tables with a 3:2 payout for a natural blackjack. The 6:5 payout increases the house edge by a significant margin, which makes it less favorable to players.

For example, in the Suit ‘Em Up Blackjack game at Lucky Red Casino, the blackjack payout is 3:2. That makes it a game that you should target if you are looking for the best possible blackjack payout.

Card Counting

Card counting is an advanced technique that can help experienced gamblers swing the odds in their favor. By keeping track of the cards that have been dealt, players can make more informed decisions about when to increase their bets. Again, many casinos frown upon this. So, only do it if can deal with any resulting fallout.

Choose Tables with Favorable Rules

Look for games that offer favorable rules, such as allowing players to double down on any two cards, offering the option to surrender, and not requiring the dealer to hit on a soft 17. The more advantageous the rules, the lower the house edge.

Bankroll Management

Smart bankroll management is vital to ensure that you can withstand fluctuations in the game. Blackjack is an exciting game, especially when you are winning. But setting limits and adhering to them can help preserve your bankroll and reduce the overall impact of the house edge.

Comparing the House Edge in Blackjack to Other Popular Casino Games

Blackjack is known for offering one of the lowest house edges among popular casino games, especially when players use optimal strategy.

How does the house edge in blackjack compare to the house edge in other popular casino games? Let’s take a look.

Roulette

  • House Edge: 2.7% (European Roulette), 5.26% (American Roulette)
  • Explanation: Roulette has a higher house edge than blackjack. The house edge in European roulette is 2.7%, while American roulette has a higher edge of 5.26% due to the additional double zero. While roulette is a game of chance with no strategy to affect the outcome, blackjack allows for strategic decisions to reduce the house edge significantly.

Craps

  • House Edge: 1.36% (on the “Pass Line” bet)
  • Explanation: Craps is a dice game that offers several different betting options, but the Pass Line bet has a house edge of just 1.36%. That makes it one of the more favorable bets in craps. However, other bets in craps (such as proposition bets) come with much higher house edges, so it’s crucial for players to choose their bets wisely. Overall, craps can be a great choice for players looking for a low house edge, provided they stick to the most advantageous bets.

Baccarat

  • House Edge: 1.06% (on the Banker bet), 1.24% (on the Player bet)
  • Explanation: Baccarat is another game with a relatively low house edge, especially when betting on the Banker. The Banker bet has the lowest house edge, while the Player bet is slightly higher. The Tie bet, on the other hand, carries a much higher house edge, typically around 14.36%. Therefore, it is generally avoided by seasoned players.

Slots

  • House Edge: 2% to 15% (depending on the machine)
  • Explanation: Slot machines have a much higher house edge compared to table games. The house edge in slots can vary greatly depending on the game and the specific machine. Some slots offer a house edge as low as 2%, while others can go as high as 15% or more. Because slots are purely games of chance, players have no control over the outcome. That is reflected in the high house edges you will find when playing slots.

Video Poker

  • House Edge: 0.5% to 5% (depending on the game and strategy)
  • Explanation: Video poker is a unique hybrid game that combines elements of poker and slot machines. When playing video poker with optimal strategy, the house edge can be as low as 0.5% (in games like “Jacks or Better” with a full pay table). But if players do not use the best strategy or choose games with unfavorable pay tables, the house edge can reach as high as 5%.

Poker

  • House Edge: Variable (dependent on the game and players’ skill)
  • Explanation: In poker, the house edge is generally lower than in most other casino games. That is because players are competing against each other rather than the casino. The casino makes money by taking a small percentage of each pot (called the “rake”), which varies depending on the casino and the game. The more skilled a player is, the lower their effective house edge, as they can beat less experienced players.

Keno

  • House Edge: 25% to 29%
  • Explanation: Keno is one of the worst games in terms of house edge. Some variations carry a house edge as high as 29%. The odds of winning in keno are extremely low, which makes it one of the least favorable casino games for players looking to minimize their losses.

Conclusion

The house edge in blackjack is a key concept that all players should understand.

Sure, the casino always has an advantage to some degree. But players have a unique opportunity to reduce the house edge through careful strategy and decision-making.

By utilizing basic strategy, choosing favorable rules, and perhaps even learning advanced techniques like card counting, players can minimize the casino’s edge and increase their chances of walking away victorious from a virtual or real blackjack table.

Whether you’re playing at a land-based casino or online, understanding the house edge in blackjack is crucial for making smart, informed decisions. By doing so, you are not only playing the game more effectively, but you’re also improving your odds of beating the house and enjoying a tangibly and intangibly rewarding blackjack experience.

Learn About the Best Online Casinos

Other Casino Content

In addition to our catalog of sports betting guides, we now have a collection of casino content that covers the basics of casino gambling, including this guide to the house edge in blackjack.

If you would like to learn more about everything from online casino terminology, to how to play popular table games such as baccarat, to tips for responsible gambling, we have you covered.

Also, if you are looking for a new site to play casino games, check out our reviews of the best online casinos for U.S. players and the best real money online casinos., as well as our rundown of the best crypto casinos.

Blackjack House Edge FAQ

What is the house edge in blackjack?
The house edge is the statistical advantage the casino has over the player. Blackjack has a house edge of around 0.5% when players operate with optimal strategy. That makes blackjack a more favorable option for some players than other casino games like slots or roulette.
Spoiler title
How is the house edge calculated in blackjack?
The house edge is determined by factors like the number of decks used, casino rules (e.g., dealer hitting on soft 17), and the player’s strategy. It is calculated based on the probability of both the player and the casino winning a hand.
How does the number of decks affect the house edge in blackjack?
Single-deck games have the lowest house edge, around 0.17%, because players can track cards more easily. In multi-deck games (6-8 decks), the edge increases to about 0.5% due to the added complexity of tracking cards.
How does using basic strategy affect the house edge in blackjack?
Using basic strategy, which involves making mathematically optimal decisions based on your hand and the dealer’s upcard, can reduce the house edge to approximately 0.5%. It’s the most effective way to play and minimize the casino’s advantage.
What factors can affect the house edge in blackjack?
Casino rules, such as whether the dealer hits on soft 17, whether players can surrender, and whether the payout for blackjack is 3:2 or 6:5, can all affect the house edge. Favorable rules like 3:2 payouts and the option to surrender help lower the edge.